Difference between revisions of "Ocnirp/Source Code"
< Ocnirp
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m (source code of 1.4) |
m (update the code to be more readable and with more comment) |
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/** | /** | ||
* Ocnirp - a robot by Nat Pavasant | * Ocnirp - a robot by Nat Pavasant | ||
+ | * | ||
* "Battle for the one-on-one nano-bot crown!" | * "Battle for the one-on-one nano-bot crown!" | ||
* | * | ||
Line 22: | Line 23: | ||
*/ | */ | ||
public final class Ocnirp extends AdvancedRobot { | public final class Ocnirp extends AdvancedRobot { | ||
+ | /** | ||
+ | * Size of pattern to match. 45 is the maximum value or robot will skip a | ||
+ | * turn in unacceptable rate. 30 is a standard value. | ||
+ | */ | ||
private static final int PATTERN_DEPTH = 45; | private static final int PATTERN_DEPTH = 45; | ||
− | private static final double | + | |
− | private static final double | + | /** |
+ | * If Math.random() exceed this number, the robot will change the direction. | ||
+ | */ | ||
+ | private static final double CHANGE_INTERVAL = 0.9454623d; | ||
+ | |||
+ | /** | ||
+ | * Preferred distance between this robot and enemy. | ||
+ | */ | ||
+ | private static final double PREFERRED_DISTANCE = 160d; | ||
+ | |||
+ | /** | ||
+ | * Fire power, it used to be 2.5, but my crazy part of my brain told me to | ||
+ | * reduce this a bit. | ||
+ | */ | ||
private static final double FIRE_POWER = 2.4433565d; | private static final double FIRE_POWER = 2.4433565d; | ||
+ | |||
+ | /** | ||
+ | * Bullet velocity. It should be {@code 20 - 3 * FIRE_POWER}, but my crazy | ||
+ | * part of my brain told me to leave this 12.5 | ||
+ | */ | ||
private static final double BULLET_VELOCITY = 12.5d; | private static final double BULLET_VELOCITY = 12.5d; | ||
+ | |||
+ | /** | ||
+ | * Distance offset to turn | ||
+ | */ | ||
private static final double DISTANCE_OFFSET = 0.38435d; | private static final double DISTANCE_OFFSET = 0.38435d; | ||
+ | |||
+ | /** | ||
+ | * Velocity trick multiplier, make this higher will make more change that | ||
+ | * robot will move at max velocity | ||
+ | */ | ||
private static final double VELOCITY_MULTIPILER = 17.78456345d; | private static final double VELOCITY_MULTIPILER = 17.78456345d; | ||
− | |||
− | static int | + | /** |
− | static | + | * Hard-coded bullet fight time make a code much smaller since my distance |
+ | * controller control all the distance. | ||
+ | */ | ||
+ | private static final int BFT = (int) (PREFERRED_DISTANCE / BULLET_VELOCITY + 2); | ||
+ | |||
+ | /** | ||
+ | * A static variable to keep which direction it is moving. | ||
+ | */ | ||
+ | private static int dir = 100; | ||
+ | /** | ||
+ | * Main robot method. For nanobot, this contains only radar control. | ||
+ | */ | ||
public void run() { | public void run() { | ||
+ | /* | ||
+ | * Performance Enhancing Bug! Have this cost 10 bytes and make me lose | ||
+ | * score. | ||
+ | */ | ||
// setAdjustGunForRobotTurn(true); | // setAdjustGunForRobotTurn(true); | ||
// setAdjustRadarForGunTurn(true); | // setAdjustRadarForGunTurn(true); | ||
− | + | turnRadarRightRadians(Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY); | |
} | } | ||
+ | /** | ||
+ | * What to do when you see another robot. | ||
+ | * | ||
+ | * Main robot operation method for almost all nano/micro/mini robots. | ||
+ | */ | ||
public void onScannedRobot(ScannedRobotEvent e) { | public void onScannedRobot(ScannedRobotEvent e) { | ||
− | int matchLen = PATTERN_DEPTH; | + | /* |
− | double angle; | + | * Variable order here is important. We can save ~3-4 bytes here. since |
− | double dist; | + | * all math operation must be done on registers. Java virtual machine |
− | int matchPos; | + | * has 4 register slot. First register will be taken by {@code this} |
+ | * object. Then each parameters will take the rest of registers. If | ||
+ | * there are any registers left, the variables defined in the method is | ||
+ | * filled the register until it full. Every type will take 1 registers | ||
+ | * except double, which take 2. If double is the fourth variable | ||
+ | * defined, it will overflow to the extra fifth register. | ||
+ | * | ||
+ | * So, the most | ||
+ | * used variable should define first, which will be enemy absolute | ||
+ | * bearing in most cases. In this case, we define most used int before | ||
+ | * and make double overflow its register. | ||
+ | */ | ||
+ | int matchLen = PATTERN_DEPTH; // PM Stuff | ||
+ | double angle; // enemy absolute bearing | ||
+ | double dist; // enemy distance | ||
+ | int matchPos; // PM Stuff | ||
− | + | // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// | |
+ | // Radar | ||
+ | // | ||
+ | // Do infinity lock | ||
+ | // | ||
setTurnRadarLeftRadians(getRadarTurnRemaining()); | setTurnRadarLeftRadians(getRadarTurnRemaining()); | ||
− | + | // | |
− | + | // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// | |
− | + | ||
− | setTurnRightRadians(Math.cos(angle = e.getBearingRadians()) | + | // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// |
− | - Math.signum( | + | // Movement (Perpendicular and Random with distance control) |
− | * ((dist = e.getDistance()) - | + | // |
− | * DISTANCE_OFFSET); | + | // Turn perpendicular to an enemy, and add/deduct the angle a bit to |
+ | // control the distance | ||
+ | // | ||
+ | setTurnRightRadians( | ||
+ | Math.cos(angle = e.getBearingRadians()) | ||
+ | - Math.signum( | ||
+ | getVelocity() * ((dist = e.getDistance()) - PREFERRED_DISTANCE) | ||
+ | ) * DISTANCE_OFFSET); | ||
+ | // | ||
+ | // Move ahead | ||
+ | // | ||
setAhead(dir); | setAhead(dir); | ||
− | + | // | |
− | + | // If random() exceed the change interval | |
− | if (Math.random() > | + | // |
+ | if (Math.random() > CHANGE_INTERVAL) { | ||
+ | // | ||
+ | // Reverse direction | ||
+ | // | ||
onHitWall(null); | onHitWall(null); | ||
− | + | // | |
− | + | // Velocity trick | |
+ | // | ||
setMaxVelocity(Math.random() * VELOCITY_MULTIPILER + 1); | setMaxVelocity(Math.random() * VELOCITY_MULTIPILER + 1); | ||
− | + | // | |
+ | // End if | ||
+ | // | ||
} | } | ||
− | + | // | |
− | + | // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// | |
+ | |||
+ | // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// | ||
+ | // Eric Simonton's Lateral Velocity Pattern Matching Gun | ||
+ | // | ||
+ | // Define counter | ||
+ | // | ||
int i; | int i; | ||
+ | // | ||
+ | // Append enemy log | ||
+ | // | ||
enemyHistory = String.valueOf( | enemyHistory = String.valueOf( | ||
− | (char) /* Math.round */(/* 2 * */(e.getVelocity() * Math.sin(e.getHeadingRadians() | + | (char) /* Math.round */(/* 2 * */(e.getVelocity() * Math.sin(e |
+ | .getHeadingRadians() | ||
- (angle += getHeadingRadians()))))).concat( | - (angle += getHeadingRadians()))))).concat( | ||
enemyHistory); | enemyHistory); | ||
− | while ((matchPos = enemyHistory | + | // |
− | + | // Match the history | |
− | + | // | |
− | + | while ((matchPos = enemyHistory.indexOf(enemyHistory.substring(0, | |
+ | matchLen--), i = BFT)) < 0) | ||
; | ; | ||
+ | // | ||
+ | // Get the firing angle | ||
+ | // | ||
do | do | ||
− | angle += (short) enemyHistory.charAt(--matchPos) / dist/ | + | angle += |
+ | /* Math.asin */ | ||
+ | ((short) enemyHistory.charAt(--matchPos) / dist | ||
+ | /* 0.5 */); | ||
while (--i > 0); | while (--i > 0); | ||
+ | // | ||
+ | // Turn the gun | ||
+ | // | ||
setTurnGunRightRadians(Utils.normalRelativeAngle(angle | setTurnGunRightRadians(Utils.normalRelativeAngle(angle | ||
- getGunHeadingRadians())); | - getGunHeadingRadians())); | ||
− | + | // | |
− | + | // Fire | |
+ | // | ||
setFire(FIRE_POWER); | setFire(FIRE_POWER); | ||
+ | // | ||
+ | // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// | ||
} | } | ||
+ | /** | ||
+ | * When hit wall, reverse direction | ||
+ | */ | ||
public void onHitWall(HitWallEvent e) { | public void onHitWall(HitWallEvent e) { | ||
dir = -dir; | dir = -dir; | ||
} | } | ||
− | static String enemyHistory = "" | + | /** |
+ | * Enemy history string. Preload to prevent StringIndexOutOfBoundException. | ||
+ | */ | ||
+ | private static String enemyHistory = "" + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | ||
+ (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | ||
+ (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | ||
Line 105: | Line 221: | ||
+ (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | ||
+ (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | ||
− | + (char) 0 + (char) | + | + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 1 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 |
+ (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | ||
+ (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | ||
Line 119: | Line 235: | ||
+ (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | ||
+ (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | ||
− | + (char) 0 + (char) | + | + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 2 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 |
+ (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | ||
+ (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | ||
Line 133: | Line 249: | ||
+ (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | ||
+ (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | ||
− | + (char) 0 + (char) | + | + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) -1 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 |
+ (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | ||
+ (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | ||
Line 147: | Line 263: | ||
+ (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | ||
+ (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 | ||
− | + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) -2 + (char) -4 | + | + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) -2 + (char) -4 |
+ (char) -6 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 | + (char) -6 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 | ||
+ (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 | + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 |
Revision as of 11:15, 24 May 2009
- Ocnirp Sub-pages:
- Ocnirp - Version History - Source Code
package nat.nano; import robocode.AdvancedRobot; import robocode.HitWallEvent; import robocode.ScannedRobotEvent; import robocode.util.Utils; /** * Ocnirp - a robot by Nat Pavasant * * "Battle for the one-on-one nano-bot crown!" * * @version 1.4 * @author Nat Pavasant */ public final class Ocnirp extends AdvancedRobot { /** * Size of pattern to match. 45 is the maximum value or robot will skip a * turn in unacceptable rate. 30 is a standard value. */ private static final int PATTERN_DEPTH = 45; /** * If Math.random() exceed this number, the robot will change the direction. */ private static final double CHANGE_INTERVAL = 0.9454623d; /** * Preferred distance between this robot and enemy. */ private static final double PREFERRED_DISTANCE = 160d; /** * Fire power, it used to be 2.5, but my crazy part of my brain told me to * reduce this a bit. */ private static final double FIRE_POWER = 2.4433565d; /** * Bullet velocity. It should be {@code 20 - 3 * FIRE_POWER}, but my crazy * part of my brain told me to leave this 12.5 */ private static final double BULLET_VELOCITY = 12.5d; /** * Distance offset to turn */ private static final double DISTANCE_OFFSET = 0.38435d; /** * Velocity trick multiplier, make this higher will make more change that * robot will move at max velocity */ private static final double VELOCITY_MULTIPILER = 17.78456345d; /** * Hard-coded bullet fight time make a code much smaller since my distance * controller control all the distance. */ private static final int BFT = (int) (PREFERRED_DISTANCE / BULLET_VELOCITY + 2); /** * A static variable to keep which direction it is moving. */ private static int dir = 100; /** * Main robot method. For nanobot, this contains only radar control. */ public void run() { /* * Performance Enhancing Bug! Have this cost 10 bytes and make me lose * score. */ // setAdjustGunForRobotTurn(true); // setAdjustRadarForGunTurn(true); turnRadarRightRadians(Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY); } /** * What to do when you see another robot. * * Main robot operation method for almost all nano/micro/mini robots. */ public void onScannedRobot(ScannedRobotEvent e) { /* * Variable order here is important. We can save ~3-4 bytes here. since * all math operation must be done on registers. Java virtual machine * has 4 register slot. First register will be taken by {@code this} * object. Then each parameters will take the rest of registers. If * there are any registers left, the variables defined in the method is * filled the register until it full. Every type will take 1 registers * except double, which take 2. If double is the fourth variable * defined, it will overflow to the extra fifth register. * * So, the most * used variable should define first, which will be enemy absolute * bearing in most cases. In this case, we define most used int before * and make double overflow its register. */ int matchLen = PATTERN_DEPTH; // PM Stuff double angle; // enemy absolute bearing double dist; // enemy distance int matchPos; // PM Stuff // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Radar // // Do infinity lock // setTurnRadarLeftRadians(getRadarTurnRemaining()); // // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Movement (Perpendicular and Random with distance control) // // Turn perpendicular to an enemy, and add/deduct the angle a bit to // control the distance // setTurnRightRadians( Math.cos(angle = e.getBearingRadians()) - Math.signum( getVelocity() * ((dist = e.getDistance()) - PREFERRED_DISTANCE) ) * DISTANCE_OFFSET); // // Move ahead // setAhead(dir); // // If random() exceed the change interval // if (Math.random() > CHANGE_INTERVAL) { // // Reverse direction // onHitWall(null); // // Velocity trick // setMaxVelocity(Math.random() * VELOCITY_MULTIPILER + 1); // // End if // } // // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Eric Simonton's Lateral Velocity Pattern Matching Gun // // Define counter // int i; // // Append enemy log // enemyHistory = String.valueOf( (char) /* Math.round */(/* 2 * */(e.getVelocity() * Math.sin(e .getHeadingRadians() - (angle += getHeadingRadians()))))).concat( enemyHistory); // // Match the history // while ((matchPos = enemyHistory.indexOf(enemyHistory.substring(0, matchLen--), i = BFT)) < 0) ; // // Get the firing angle // do angle += /* Math.asin */ ((short) enemyHistory.charAt(--matchPos) / dist /* 0.5 */); while (--i > 0); // // Turn the gun // setTurnGunRightRadians(Utils.normalRelativeAngle(angle - getGunHeadingRadians())); // // Fire // setFire(FIRE_POWER); // // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// } /** * When hit wall, reverse direction */ public void onHitWall(HitWallEvent e) { dir = -dir; } /** * Enemy history string. Preload to prevent StringIndexOutOfBoundException. */ private static String enemyHistory = "" + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 1 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 2 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) -1 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) 0 + (char) -2 + (char) -4 + (char) -6 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -8 + (char) -7 + (char) -6 + (char) -5 + (char) -4 + (char) -3 + (char) -2 + (char) -1 + (char) 0 + (char) 2 + (char) 4 + (char) 6 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 8 + (char) 7 + (char) 6 + (char) 5 + (char) 4 + (char) 3 + (char) 2 + (char) 1 + (char) 0; }