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timeToHit is not taking in account that the bullet moves at some angle too, i.e. we need to use bulletSpeed*cos(MEA). In above we assume that 'a' is angle between line connecting bots and the velocity of the target.

The last line is not precisely correct as well. There should be no factor of 2, and you forgot the atan. It should be

 mea = atan( latVel / (distance - (timeToHit * advVel)) * hitTime );

But the last thing could be simplified a bit if you notice that

latVel = bulletSpeed*sin(MEA)

Moving away is always bad idea from the MEA prospective within robocode physics.

Look at the values that he posted for latVel vs advVel, all with the same 8 speed. For a very small reduction in latVel you can get a big increase in advVel. Increased advVel means you get a longer time until the bullet hits, so in that extra time you can add more latVel components, giving you a higher MEA. This is offset somewhat by being further away, so your latVel/distance is slightly smaller so each latVel increases the MEA a bit less. But this is more than compensated by the extra time until the bullet hits.

Aren't we confusing increase time to hit with increase EA? Longer time to hit has an advantage to decrease bot shadow, but it is not nesesary results in increase of EA.

Continuing our discussion of border cases, if bullet and bot have the same speed. The best strategy is run away from the firing bot. The bullet will never catch up, but the EA is the smallest possible here, i.e. zero.

I run my simulations. You guys are correct asin(vBullet/vBot) is the correct formula.

Now back to the drawing board to see where the logic fails me.

It is not the correct one. It just has a higher value than the real MEA all the time so it works.

No, traditional MEA is correct, as long as wave speed > robot speed.

I can prove that, but not formally.

If your speed < wave speed, you'll always be hit.

Since you'll always be hit, that's all about where you are hit.

Assume that there is one point you are hit, and that point gives you max escape angle — If you don't go there directly (by a straight line), math says you'll always have a shorter path, which gives you extra time. And you can always use that time to increase your MEA, which contradicts to "that point gives you max escape angle". Therefore MEA must be reached by moving along a straight line.

Since MEA must be reached by following a straight line — All the possible hit location forms something similar to ellipse — however I yet not proved it is an ellipse, but it looks like that, and when wave speed = 2 * robot speed, it is an exact circle (which I have a proof).

Anyway, since it looks like an ellipse, the MEA is always reached when you move perpendicular to the HOT angle.